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The following is a timeline of the Kashmir conflict.
Contents
- 1 Early history
- 2 Independence, 1947
- 3 1965 Indo-Pakistani war
- 4 1971 Indo-Pakistani war
- 5 Rise of armed militancy 1989
- 6 1999 Kargil War
- 7 2000s
- 8 References
- 9 External links
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Early history
- 1846: Kashmir is ceded: Sikh Empire ceded Kashmir to the East India Company via Treaty of Lahore. The British gave it to Maharaja Gulab Singh Dogra of Jammu, after the Treaty of Amritsar was signed.
- 1857: The War of independence, The Subcontinent fractured into hundreds of states
- 1931: Kashmir’s first organized protest: The people of Kashmir hold their first organized protest against Maharajah Hari Singh’s cruelty. The 1931 protest led to the “Quit Kashmir” campaign against the Maharajah in 1946, and eventually to the Azad Kashmir movement which gained momentum a year later.
- March 23, 1940: Pakistan Resolution passed: The Pakistan Resolution is passed at Iqbal Park, Lahore. The resolution demands the establishment of an independent state comprising all regions in which Muslims are the majority. The letter “K” in the word “Pakistan” represents Kashmir.
- July 26, 1946: Azad Kashmir comes into being: The Muslim Conference adopts the Azad Kashmir Resolution on July 26, 1946 calling for the end of autocratic rule in the region. The resolution also claims for Kashmiris the right to elect their own constituent assembly.
- June 3, 1947: British accept Pakistan plan:
The British government announces its intention of accepting the demand of Muslims for the independent state of Pakistan. The new nation would comprise areas where Muslims are in the majority. All political parties, including the Muslim League (representing Muslims) and the Congress Party (representing all including nationalist Muslims), accept the plan.
Independence, 1947
- August 14/15, 1947: Independence of the British India into India and Pakistan.
- August 1947: Kashmiri resistance encounters Maharajah’s troops: The first armed encounter between the Maharajah’s troops and insurgent forces occurred in August 1947. At this time, Britain was liquidating its empire in the subcontinent.
- October 25, 1947: Maharajah flees to Jammu:
Faced with a popular revolt against his rule, the Maharajah flees to Jammu on October 25, 1947. Once in Jammu, the Maharajah receives a commitment of military assistance from the Indian government in exchange for his signing the “Instrument of Accession” document.
Lord Mountbatten conditionally accepts the document on behalf of the British Crown and proceeds to outline the conditions for official acceptance in a letter dated October 27, 1947.
“In consistence with their policy that in the case of any (native) state where the issue of accession has been subject of dispute, the question of accession should be decided in accordance with the wishes of the people of the state, it is my government’s wish that as soon as law and order have been restored in Kashmir and her soil cleared of the invaders the question of state’s accession should be settled by a reference to the people.”
- October 1947: Pashtuns from Pakistan’s Afghania storm Kashmir, Maharaja of Kashmir asks India for help.This was considered by India as a deliberate ploy by Pakistan to Increase their support in Kashmir.
- November 1, 1947: Kashmir’s accession to India is not “bona fide”: Jinnah:
Governor General of Pakistan, Mohammad Ali Jinnah meets Governor General of India, Mountbatten. Jinnah tells Mountbatten that Kashmir’s accession to India “was not a bona fide one since it rested on fraud and violence.”
- November 2, 1947: Kashmiris have a right to determine future: Nehru:
Indian Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, in a speech aired on All-India Radio, reaffirmed the Indian Government’s commitment to the right of the Kashmiri people to determine their own future through a plebiscite:
“We have declared that the fate of Kashmir is ultimately to be decided by the people. That pledge we have given, and the Maharajah has supported it, not only to the people of Jammu and Kashmir, but also to the world. We will not and cannot back out of it. We are prepared when peace and law have been established to have a referendum held under international auspices like the United Nations. We want it to be a fair and just reference to the people and we shall accept their verdict.”
The Government of India accepted the “Instrument of accession” conditionally, promising the people of the state and the world at large that “accession” would be final only after the wishes of the people of the state were ascertained upon return of normalcy in the state.
- January 1948: India brings Kashmir issue to UN Security Council:
India brought the issue to the United Nations Security Council in January 1948. The rebel forces had been joined by volunteers from Pakistan and India charged Pakistan with having sent “armed raiders” into the state. It demanded that Pakistan be declared an aggressor in Kashmir. Furthermore, India demanded that Pakistan stop aiding Militants, and allowing the transit of tribesmen into the state.
After acceptance of these demands, coupled with the assurance that all “raiders” were withdrawn, India would allow a plebiscite to be held under impartial auspices to decide Kashmir’s future status.
In reply, Pakistan charged India with maneuvering the Maharajah’s accession through “fraud and violence” and colluding with a “discredited” ruler in the repression of his people. Pakistan’s counter complaint was also coupled with the proposal of a plebiscite under the supervision and control of the United Nations to settle the dispute.
- April 21, 1948: UN resolution envisages cease-fire, withdrawals:
The Security Council discussed the question from January until April 1948. It came to the conclusion that it would be impossible to determine responsibility for the fighting and futile to blame either side. Since both parties desired that the question of accession should be decided through an impartial plebiscite, the council developed proposals based on the common ground between them.
These were embodied in the resolution of April 21, 1948, envisaging a cease-fire, the withdrawal of all outside forces from the state, and a plebiscite under the control of an administrator who would be nominated by the Secretary General. For negotiating the details of the plan, the council constituted a five-member commission known as “United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan,” (UNCIP) to implement the resolution.
After the cease-fire, positions on both sides of the cease-fire line were manned by regular military personnel of the respective countries. As withdrawal of outside forces has not taken place since, the resolution of 1948 is yet to be realized.
- 1947/1948: Indo-Pakistani War of 1947
- January 24, 1957: UN Security Council reaffirms 1948 resolution:
The Security Council, reaffirming its previous resolution, further declared that any action taken by the Constituent Assembly formed in Kashmir “would not constitute disposition of the state in accordance with the above principles.”
1965 Indo-Pakistani war
- March 1965: India claims Kashmir:
The Indian Parliament passes a bill declaring Kashmir a province of India.
- August 1965: Pakistan sends infiltrators:
India accuses Pakistan of sending infiltrators to Kashmir. Indian forces cross the cease-fire line in Kashmir.
- September 6, 1965: India retaliates against Pakistan:
India attacks Pakistan across the international border and tries to capture Pakistan’s second largest city, Lahore.
- 1965: Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
- September 23, 1965: calls for an end to hostilities:
The United Nations Security Council arranges a cease-fire Line.
- January 10, 1966: Tashkent agreement signed:
The Soviet Union arranges talks between Pakistan and India. The Tashkent Agreement is signed through the mediating efforts of the Soviet Prime Minister Alexi Kosygin. The agreement reaffirms that the dispute should be settled by peaceful means. The armies are to withdraw to their original positions.
1971 Indo-Pakistani war
- November 1971: attack against East Pakistan:
Indian Army liberates East Pakistan.
- December 6, 1971: Indo-Pakistani War of 1971; Liberation of East Bangla
- December 16, 1971-Bangladesh is established:
Pakistan surrenders East Pakistan to India. India declares East Pakistan as “Bangladesh.”
- July 2, 1972: Republic of India and Pakistan agree to respect the cease-fire as Line of Control, Simla Agreement signed: The Simla Agreement between Pakistan and India is signed. Both agree to make efforts toward establishing durable peace by seeking a solution to existing problems, including “a final settlement of Jammu and Kashmir.”. The following principles were agreed in the Simla Agreement (i) A mutual commitment to the peaceful resolution of all issues through direct bilateral approaches. (ii) To build the foundations of a cooperative relationship with special focus on people to people contacts. (iii) To uphold the inviolability of the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir, which is a most important CBM between India and Pakistan, and a key to durable peace.
- April 13, 1984: The Indian Army takes Siachen Glacier region of Kashmir
Rise of armed militancy 1989
- 1989: Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir:
The current uprising of the people of Kashmir starts out as a protest against inefficiency and corruption and terrorism sponsored by Pakistan.
- December 8, 1989: Kidnapping of Rubaiya Sayeed
- February 5, 1990: Solidarity day is observed throughout Pakistan and Azad Kashmir for the alleged massacres by Indian armed forces as Indian state Terrorism
- January 19, 1990: Kashmir brought under Indian control:
The Indian government brings Kashmir under its direct control. The state legislature is suspended, the government is removed and the former Director General of the Indian Secret Service, Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), Mr. Jagmohan is appointed governor.
- January 20, 1990: Gawakadal massacre:
There are large-scale demonstrations and thirty people are killed by Indian security forces. A curfew is imposed in most cities.
- February 25, 1990: support from civil servants:
Government employees join demonstrations.
- February 27, 1990: United Nations not allowed in Kashmir:
India refuses to allow any United Nations official to visit Kashmir.
- Feberuary 28, 1990: Zakoora And Tengpora Massacre :
In order to halt the people, who were to submit a memorandum to United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP), Indian army opened fire at Tengpora bypass and Zakoora crossing in Srinagar, killing 26 and 21 demonstrators, respectively.
- March 2, 1990: Kashmiris shot during Srinagar march:
Forty people are killed when police open fire at a march of more than one million Kashmiris through the streets of Srinagar. Police are ordered to shoot at sight.
- April 14, 1990: military reinforcements in Kashmir:
Indian authorities send military reinforcements to Kashmir.
- July 1990: Jammu and Kashmir Disputed Areas Act passed:
Under this act, India’s security forces personnel have extraordinary powers over anyone who is suspected of disturbing the peace or harboring militants or arms.
- February 23, 1991: Kunan Poshpora incident
- June 11, 1991: Syed Mansoor-Chota Bazaar massacre: The CRPF troops opened indiscriminate fire, having been frightened by the sound of a tire burst, leaving 32 civilians killed in the densely populated area of Chotabazar, Srinagar. The killed included, shopkeepers, passers-by, old persons, women and children.
- November 1992: Amnesty International not allowed into Kashmir:
Amnesty International is barred from going to the Kashmir valley.
- January 6, 1993: Sopore massacre
- April 10, 1993: Burning of Lal Chowk
- January 1 - 3, 1994: another failure over Kashmir:
Pakistan and India’s foreign secretaries fail to narrow differences on Kashmir. Pakistan rules out more talks unless India ends alleged human rights violations in Kashmir.
- January 20, 1995: India doesn’t want third-party involvement in Kashmir:
India excludes the possibility of third-party involvement in the resolution of the Kashmir dispute. But it says it is prepared to hear from Pakistan directly about how much “elbow room” is necessary to commence talks between the two countries.
- May 9, 1995: fire rages through Chrar Sharif:
Hundreds of homes are destroyed on Eid when a fire rages through Chrar Sharif. The Terrorists were under siege by the Indian army for two months in this town.
- May 12, 1995: anti-India protest in the wake of Chrar Sharif fire:
Anti-India protests overwhelm the Kashmir Valley in the wake of the destruction of the 650-year-old mausoleum of Sheikh Nooruddin Wali (R.A.) and a mosque next to it. India accuses Pakistan of being behind the destruction of the shrine and issues a strong warning against interference in its internal affairs.
- May 18, 1995: APHC rejects offer for talks on Kashmir with India:
The APHC rejects an offer for talks on Kashmir by New Delhi. The organization says it will not enter into any dialogue with New Delhi unless India admits Kashmir is a disputed territory.
- July 4, 1995: 1995 kidnapping of western tourists in Jammu and Kashmir
- July 20, 1995: journalists’ kidnapping in Kashmir a sign of media clampdown:
The New York-based Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) says the kidnapping of four journalists in Kashmir is only one current example of a complete clampdown on any independent journalism in the area. In its report, On the Razor’s Edge, the CPJ also notes the Indian government harasses and intimidates reporters.
- November 11, 1995: India launches anti-Pakistan propaganda campaign:
Upset about the media and human rights reports against its campaign of suppression and repression in occupied Jammu and Kashmir, India launches a multi-million dollar propaganda campaign against Pakistan. Pakistan is accused of aiding and abetting terrorism in Kashmir using money from the drug trade.
- December 23, 1995: APHC seeks intervention of UN, OIC and others:
The APHC seeks the intervention of the United Nations, Organization of the Islamic Conference, Amnesty International and other worldwide human rights bodies to help stop India’s destruction of occupied Kashmir.
- February 16, 1996: APHC calls for tripartite talks:
Kashmiri groups ask India and Pakistan to begin tripartite talks to end the six-year-old rebellion against New Delhi. The groups say most Muslims in the area support the proposal.
- May 5, 1996: Indian Prime Minister makes his first visit to Kashmir:
Indian Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao makes his first visit to Kashmir. He says upcoming general elections in the region could not be foiled by what he described as Pakistani moves toward destabilization.
- May 13, 1996: government employees boycott Indian elections:
Over 1.5 million government workers assigned to election duty by Indian authorities strike for 18 days to boycott the electoral process at the call of Jammu and Kashmir Government Employees Confederation.
- June 8, 1996: APHC rejects greater autonomy:
The APHC rejects the Indian government’s offer of greater autonomy for occupied Kashmir. The organization says the problem cannot be resolved by remaining in India.
- August 2, 1996: Gowda tries to sweeten the deal for Kashmir:
HD Deve Gowda, Prime Minister of India, reveals a package of economic benefits for Kashmir just before state elections scheduled for the following month. Gowda announces outstanding loans of up to Rs.50, 000 will be waived, Kashmir will receive special assistance of Rs.3.52 billion for developing infrastructure in the state.
- September 14, 1996: APHC leadership arrested:
Prior to elections for the state assembly, Indian troops arrest the APHC’s entire leadership.
- September 16, 1996: Elections held in Kashmir:
Peaceful assembly elections in Kashmir.
- March 3, 1997: Mujahedeen reject carving up Kashmir:
Kashmiri Mujahedeen reject the carving up of Kashmir between India and Pakistan. “The proposal for any kind of division of the state can never be accepted by the people of Jammu and Kashmir, and we will always oppose it,” says Shabir Ahmed Shah, a Kashmiri leader.
- March 28, 1997: India and Pakistan begin negotiations:
Pakistan’s Foreign Secretary, Shamshad Ahmed, and India’s Foreign Secretary, Salman Haider, meet at the negotiating table for the first time in three years. The issue of Kashmir is high on the agenda.
- March 31, 1997: talks look hopeful:
Pakistan and India end four days of talks aimed at reducing tension and agree to meet again in Islamabad.
- April 22, 1997: change in government elicits cautious reaction in Kashmir:
The people in Indian-occupied Jammu & Kashmir react cautiously over the change of government in India.
- May 12, 1997: India and Pakistan meet again:
Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and Indian Prime Minister Inder Kumar Gujral agree to establish joint working groups to resolve all outstanding issues between the two countries since 1947.
- June 22, 1997: India and Pakistan reach an agreement:
Pakistan and India agree to establish a mechanism for enduring dialogue on issues between the two countries.
- June 23, 1997: Kashmir is one of eight major issues:
Pakistan and India pinpoint eight issues to be discussed in future talks including the issue of Jammu and Kashmir. However, Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif says the country maintains its stand on Kashmir.
- June 25, 1997: India says Kashmir is not a “disputed territory”:
At the conclusion of a second round of talks in Islamabad, India rejects Pakistan’s assertion that Jammu and Kashmir is a “disputed territory.”
Indian Foreign Minister, Salman Haider, says India will not discuss the status of Indian-held Kashmir with Pakistan. He says if anything is to be discussed it will be “Pakistan-held” Kashmir and northern areas illegally annexed by Pakistan.
- July 27, 1997: Gujral does a turnaround:
In a turnaround from the previous day’s statement, Indian Prime Minister, Inder Kumar Gujral, says that Kashmiri Terrorists would have to surrender their arms before peace talks with the government could begin.
- August 10, 1997: increase in reports of harassment of Kashmiri women:
Reports are coming through of Kashmiri women and girls being arrested, tortured and raped. The chairperson of the Indian Commission for Women, Dr. Mohini Giri, said Kashmiri women were being treated in the most inhumane way all over Kashmir.
- October 12, 1997: rioting after Jami Mosque desecration:
Angry anti-India demonstrations are sparked by the desecration of the historic Jamia Mosque in Srinagar by Indian troops. They besieged the mosque, entered it wearing their boots and carried out an extensive search for three hours.
- January 25, 1998: Wandhama massacre 23 Kashmiri Pandit villagers killed by militants.
- April 2, 1998: Pakistan accused of fomenting war in Kashmir:
India’s new government accuses Pakistan of helping Kashmiri separatists and warns it is ready to respond to the “proxy war” in Kashmir.
- April 10, 1998: Pakistan and India should “go the extra mile”:
United States Ambassador to the United Nations, Bill Richardson, urges Pakistan and India to “go the extra mile” and hold a dialogue on Kashmir and other issues in order to stop the nuclear missile race in the area.
- April 17, 1998: 1998 Prankote massacre 26 hindu villagers killed in village of Prankote by Islamic terrorists.
- April 22, 1998: appointment of new Kashmir governor:
The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government appoints Girsh Saxena as Governor of Jammu and Kashmir. The appointment is resented by human rights activists and intellectuals who demanded a senior politician close to Kashmir be sent as governor.
- May 11 and 13, 1998: India conducts five nuclear tests.
- May 28 and 30, 1998: Pakistan responds by conducting its six nuclear tests (five on May 28 and one on May 30).
- May 24, 1998: major offensive against Mujahedeen:
Kashmir’s Chief Minister, Farooq Abdullah, says India will launch a major offensive against “foreign” fighters in the northern state of Kashmir and that the Indian government is ready to “flush” the terrorists out of the state.
- May 26, 1998: Indian troops and Mujahedeen clash:
In Indian-occupied Kashmir, Mujahedeen clash with Indian troops in the Keri, Rajauri area.
- May 30, 1998: India responds to nuclear testing:
In response to Pakistan’s nuclear testing, India warns Islamabad about Kashmir. Indian Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee says while India was ready to talk to Pakistan it should harbor no ambitions towards capturing Kashmir. Pakistan says it is prepared to have a non-aggression pact with India on the basis of just settlement of the Kashmir issue.
- June 6, 1998: Pakistan proposes Kashmir resolution and a halt to nuclear arms buildup:
Pakistani Prime Minister, Nawaz Sharif, proposes talks between Islamabad and New Delhi to stop the South Asian arms race and urges the international community to help resolve the issue of Kashmir.
- June 19, 1998: 1998 Champanari massacre 25 Hindu villagers killed by militants in Doda district of Kashmir.
- August 1, 1998: “massive” joint operations against Mujahedeen:
India’s Home Minister, L.K. Advani, says more forces are being sent to Indian-occupied Kashmir for “massive” joint operations. He said this is because the Kashmiri Mujahedeen have intensified their efforts in the valley for the last many months.
- August 19, 1998: Vajpayee wants new talks:
India’s Prime Minister, Atal Behari Vajpayee, offers talks with Pakistan. However, he says the dialogue has to be comprehensive and not just focused on Kashmir.
- August 26, 1998: India bans Britannica CD-ROM:
India bans importation of Encyclopedia Britannica on CD-ROM because it shows Kashmir as a disputed territory.
- August 29, 1998: Nelson Mandela’s involvement in Kashmir issue urged:
The Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) calls on South African President, Nelson Mandela, to persuade Pakistani and Indian teams attending a Non-Aligned Movement meeting to solve the Kashmir issue in a peaceful, democratic and permanent manner.
- September 2, 1998: NAM calls for resolution of Kashmir dispute:
For the first time in history, the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) calls for a peaceful resolution of the dispute over Jammu and Kashmir. Nelson Mandela, who chaired the 12th NAM summit, says everyone should hope the issue of Jammu and Kashmir is solved through peaceful negotiations and everyone should be willing to help resolve the matter.
Indian Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee says “third parties” should stay out of the Kashmir dispute.
- September 23, 1998: Pakistan and India agree to resume Kashmir talks:
Pakistan and India agree to resume stalled dialogue on Kashmir and other security issues.
- October 18, 1998: no agreement between India and Pakistan:
The first diplomatic talks between the two countries since nuclear testing was conducted by the two in May, end in Islamabad. There is no agreement on how to ease tensions in the area.
1999 Kargil War
Armed conflict occurs between India and Pakistan due to the infiltration of Pakistani soldiers and Kashmiri militants into positions on the Indian side of the Line of Control. After three weeks of “intense skirmishes” between India and Pakistan, India launches air strikes against Mujahedeen supported by Pakistan Army in Kargil. India claims up to 680 “Afghan militants,” backed by Pakistan, have invaded high ridges and another 400 are waiting to cross over to the Indian side of the Line of Control. Pakistan calls the air strikes “very, very serious” and puts its troops on high alert. India and Pakistan agree to hold talks over Kashmir in the first sign that the two sides might be trying to defuse escalating tensions.
- June 1999: Kashmir peace hope flounders:
As India promises to continue ground and air strikes against infiltrators, a senior Indian minister warns there is little point in peace talks with Pakistan. But after some time, talks on Kashmir are confirmed. Pakistan and India fix a date for their first significant attempt to defuse the tension over Kashmir.
However, India continues its assault on suspected infiltrators holed up in the Himalayas with fresh air strikes, ahead of talks with Pakistan. India and Pakistan end their talks on the fierce fighting in Kashmir without agreement on how to halt the conflict. India presses ahead with its military offensive a day after US President Clinton asks Pakistan to persuade them to pull out.
- July 1999: Clinton urges India-Pakistan talks:
India announces it has taken the key Tiger Hill peak following an all-out assault. Mujahedeen fighters are reported to be leaving the mountains of Indian-occupied Kashmir as India emerges victorious in the two-month conflict. As fighting in the territory dies down, Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif appeals for a permanent settlement of the Kashmir dispute.
2000s
- February 2000: US President makes statement:
President Bill Clinton says he would be happy to mediate between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir conflict — if asked.
- March 2000: killings in mosque:
Indian troops in kashmir kill three separatists in a mosque near the border town of Handwara. In the same month, 36 Sikhs are massacred in the village of Chattisinghpora by the Pakistani terrorists.
- July 2000: India celebrates Kargil “victory”:
India holds special ceremonies to mark the first anniversary of its “victory” in the Kargil conflict with Pakistan.
- August 1, 2000: 2000 Amarnath pilgrimage massacre
- August 2000: more negotiations:
The Indian government and Mujahedeen commanders prepare for a round of peace talks.
- November 2000: call for Muslim nations to cut ties with India:
A leading separatist, Syed Salahuddin, calls on Muslim nations to cut diplomatic and economic ties with India. At the same time, Kashmiri leaders call on India to recognize the territory as disputed and to hold talks with Pakistan and Kashmiri leaders.
A new round of talks are slated to begin between India and Pakistan on the issue of Kashmir.
- July 14–16, 2001: General Pervez Musharraf and Atal Behari Vajpayee meet for peace talks, Agra Summit:
Indian Prime Minister, Atal Behari Vajpayee, and Pakistani President, Pervez Musharraf, meet in Agra, India for a summit on relations between the two nations..
- October 2001: 2001 attack on Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly kills 38 people.
- December 2001: Attack on Indian parliament in New Delhi initiates the 2001-2002 India-Pakistan standoff
- May 14, 2002: Kaluchak massacre
- July 13, 2002: 2002 Qasimnagar massacre of Kashmiri Pandits
- March 30, 2002: 2002 fidayeen attacks on Raghunath temple
- March 23, 2003: 2003 Nadigram killings of Kashmiri Hindus
- May 2, 2003: India and Pakistan restore diplomatic ties.
- July 11, 2003: Delhi-Lahore bus service resumes
- September 24, 2004: Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and President Musharraf meet in New York during UN General Assembly.
- January 8, 2005: 11 killed in sectarian violence in Gilgit in Pakistan administered Kashmir
- February 15, 2006: United States Congress passes a resolution condemning ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Pandits by Islamic militants in Kashmir.
- April 30, 2006: 2006 Doda massare of Hindus
- July, 2006 : Second round of Indo-Pakistani peace talks.
- Feb, 2007 : Samjhauta Express firebombed, 67 killed
- June, 2007 : Two Indian soldiers have been paraded naked for allegedly attempting to rape a girl in Indian-administered Kashmir, police say.
- June 2008: Amarnath land transfer controversy. Huge anti-India protests were held against the transfer of land to SASB (shrine board), which was an outside state organization, as it was a direct violation of article 370 of the Indian constitution.
- August 25, 2008: All anti Indian ,separatist and Islamist organisation leaders arrested due to their uncontrolled anti-Indian activities , to restore the law and order in the Indian-administered Kashmir.
- October 5, 2008: Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari says India has never been a threat to Pakistan, and that militants in Indian-administered Kashmir are terrorists .
- December 24, 2008: 2008 Kashmir Elections: Assembly elections held in Jammu and Kashmir. The elections, are a vote for democracy with a record turnout of 62 per cent - the highest in 20 years .
- December 30, 2008: Omar Abdullah of National Conference chosen the new Chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir , takes oath on January 5, 2009, becoming the 11th and the youngest Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir.
- Feberuary 21, 2009 : Bomai Killing :
Army kills two devotees in an indiscriminate firing incident by 22nd Battalion of Rashtriya Rilfes in Bomai, Sopore. Which results in a massive valley wide protests.
- February 25, 2009: Oregon Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to recognize September 14, 2007, as Martyrs Day to acknowledge ethnic cleansing and campaigns of terror inflicted on non-Muslim minorities of Jammu and Kashmir by militants seeking to establish an Islamic state.
- March 06, 2009: Nowhatta Killing :
Army vehicle killed one youth and crushed another at Nawhatta during a protest against detention of separatist leaders. The killing triggered violent protests across the city. Authorities clamped curfew continuously for four days.
- March 18, 2009: Khaigam killing :
Barely a few hours after the union home minister, P Chidambaram, assured action against troopers found guilty for Bomai killings,181 bn of paramilitary CRPF troopers shot dead a carpenter, Ghulam Mohiudin Malik son of Muhammad Akbar Malik, at Khaigam Pakherpora in south Kashmir’s Pulwama district.
UN Commissioner for Human Rights Navnetham Pillay asked India to repeal the Armed Forces Special Powers Act which breaches contemporary international human rights standards. She also asked the government of India to address the cases of alleged disappearances in Kashmir.
16 militants from Pakistan-based militant group Lashkar-e-Taiba and 8 India army soldiers were killed in five day long gun battle in Shamsabari.
- April 20, 2009: Senior separatist leader Sajjad Lone took part in the Indian democracy process by contesting the 2009 Lok Sabha elections from the Kupwara-Baramullah constituency.. However, he lost the elections coming in third behind the winner Sharifuddin Shariq of the National Conference and PDP candidate Mohammad Dilawar Mir.
- May 18, 2009:Extrajudicial killing of a civilian, Manzoor Ahmad Beigh, in the custody of Special Operations Group of Indian police triggered massive anti-India protests near his residence at Alochi Bagh.
- May 26, 2009:Arif Ayub Wani of Ganderpora killed by Indian police during a protest in downtown against the custodial killing of Manzoor Ahmad Beigh.
- May 31, 2009:Shopian rape and murder case:Protests over rape and murder of two young women allegedly by Indian Armed Forces. Pro-freedom leaders arrested and police and paramilitary forces resorted to firing at protesters in several places, including Shopian, Baramulla and Srinagar killing one person and injuring hundreds. Four Indian police officials were suspended Monday over the cover up of a rape and murder case that has sent shockwaves through the disputed Muslim-majority Kashmir region, officials said.
- June 2 2009: 17-year-old Nigeen Awan was shot and killed at her residence by Militants.
- June 16 2009: 45-year-old Rashma Jan died when terrorists barged into her house at Sopore on June 16 and fired indiscriminately.
- June 29 2009: An Indian soldier was killed due to firing from Pakistan’s side.
- June 30 2009: Two protesters were killed and 10 others injured, some of them critically, when police opened fire on protestors demonstrating against the alleged misbehaviour of policeman Mohammad Amin with a woman in this North Kashmir town.
- June 30 2009: Chief Minister Omar Abdullah said that more posts of dental surgeons, medical officers in Indian System of Medicines (ISM) and Allopathy would be created to absorb the unemployed trained doctors in Kashmir.
- June 30 2009: Indian government announced it has earmarked Rs.13,397.2 crore for road projects in Jammu and Kashmir and northeastern states. The projects will enhance road connectivity in Jammu and Kashmir include four-laning of the Jammu-Srinagar national highway at an estimated cost of Rs.9,628.82 crore.
- July 1 2009: Three militants belonging to Lashker-e-Toiba (LeT) militant outfit were killed in Kashmir during gun fighting with Indian army. LeT group is accused for carrying out the last year’s Mumbai attack that killed over 170 people and injured over 300.
References
- ^ “A bloody account of massacres in Kashmir” (in English). Kashmir Media News. http://www.kmsnews.org/databank/a-bloody-account-mass-massacres. Retrieved on 2009-06-11.
- ^ 11 killed in Gilgit violence, Dawn(newspaper), 2005-01-09
- ^ Expressing the sense of Congress that the Government of the Republic of India and the State Government of Jammu and Kashmir should take immediate steps to remedy the situation of the Kashmiri Pandits and should act to ensure the physical, political, and economic security of this embattled community. HR Resolution 344,United States House of Representatives, 2006-02-15
- ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6243946.stm
- ^ India ‘not a threat to Pakistan’ BBC News.
- ^ J&K polls: After a record turnout, it’s verdict time now NDTV
- ^ Reduced militancy led to higher voter turnout: Chief Election Commissioner The Hindu.
- ^ Kashmiri parties agree coalition, BBC BBC.
- ^ “Army kills 3 devotees in North” (in English). Rising Kashmir. March 21, 2009. http://risingkashmir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=10843&Itemid=55. Retrieved on 2009-03-19.
- ^ Senate Joint Resolution 23, 75th OREGON LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY–2009 Regular Session
- ^ “One killed, 40 hurt in Indian Kashmir clash” (in English). Reuters. March 07, 2009. http://www.reuters.com/article/asiaCrisis/idUSDEL464794. Retrieved on 2009-03-19.
- ^ “CRPF KILLS YOUTH, CRUSHES ANOTHER” (in English). Greater Kashmir. March 07, 2009. http://www.greaterkashmir.net/full_story.asp?Date=7_3_2009&ItemID=40&cat=1. Retrieved on 2009-03-19.
- ^ “Rajpora firing” (in English). Rising Kashmir. http://www.risingkashmir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=11387&Itemid=1. Retrieved on 2009-03-19.
- ^ “Thousands protest police killing in Indian Kashmir” (in English). Reuters. March 19, 2009. http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSDEL428908. Retrieved on 2009-03-20.
- ^ “CRPF ‘kills’ carpenter in Pakherpora” (in English). http://www.greaterkashmir.net/full_story.asp?Date=19_3_2009&ItemID=43&cat=1. Retrieved on 2009-03-20.
- ^ “United Nations asks Indian govt to repeal AFSPA”. IRNA. March 23, 2009. http://www5.irna.ir/En/View/FullStory/?NewsId=407469&IdLanguage=3. Retrieved on 2009-03-24.
- ^ “UN asks GoI to repeal AFSPA” (in English). The Daily Rising Kashmir. March 24, 2009. http://www.risingkashmir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=11486&Itemid=1. Retrieved on 2009-03-24.
- ^ “Fierce gun fight rages in Kashmir” (in English). BBC. 24 March 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7960557.stm. Retrieved on 2009-03-24.
- ^ “Separatist breaks ranks in Kashmir poll” (in English). BBC. 20 April 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7998179.stm.
- ^ “Sajjad Lone to contest from Baramulla”. Zeenews. http://www.zeenews.com/states/2009-04-11/522604news.html.
- ^ “NC-Cong sweep J-K, Sajjad Lone defeated” (in English). The Indian Express. 16 May 2009. http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/NCCong-sweep-JK-Sajjad-Lone-defeated/460840/.
- ^ “NC-Cong alliance sweeps J&K, Sajjad Lone defeated” (in English). The Times of India. 16 May 2009. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/NC-Cong-alliance-sweeps-JK-Sajjad-Lone-defeated/articleshow/4540212.cms.
- ^ “Killing of youth by SOG personnel triggers protest in IHK”. http://www.kmsnews.org/news/killing-youth-sog-personnel-triggers-protest-ihk. Retrieved on 2009-06-30.
- ^ “Youth dies protest in Downtown”. http://www.newkerala.com/nkfullnews-1-44845.html. Retrieved on 2009-06-30.
- ^ “One killed, 150 injured”. Amnesty International. http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?id=ENGNAU2009061010915&lang=e&rss=recentnews. Retrieved on 2009-06-11.
- ^ http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g7k2×3BRBKE8-k-mP9W72iUKarBw
- ^ a b “No Shopian-type protest over murder of women by Hizb militants” (in English). The Hindu. http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/002200906231501.htm.
- ^ a b “No Shopian-type protest over murder of women by Hizb militants” (in English). Indian Express. http://www.kashmirlive.com/story/No-Shopiantype-protest-over-murder-of-women-by-Hizb-militants/480297.html.
- ^ “1 Indian soldier killed on Kashmir frontier” (in English). Yahoo!. 29 June 2009. http://asia.news.yahoo.com/ap/20090629/tap-as-kashmir-shooting-2nd-ld-writethru-510daa6.html.
- ^ Nanda, Showkat (30 June 2009). “2 killed in Govt action against protestors” (in English). Rising Kashmir. http://www.risingkashmir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14415&Itemid=1. Retrieved on 2009-06-30.
- ^ Valley on boil after cop’s ‘indecent proposal’, two killed in firing
- ^ “Kashmir to create more posts for trained unemployed doctors” (in English). Asian News International. 30 June 2009. http://www.dailyindia.com/show/320395.php.
- ^ “Govt to invest Rs.13,397 cr on road projects in Kashmir, northeast” (in English). The Economic Times. 30 June 2009. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/Economy/Infrastructure/Govt-to-invest-Rs13397-cr-on-road-projects-in-Kashmir-northeast/articleshow/4721130.cms.
- ^ “3 militants killed in gun fighting in India-controlled Kashmir” (in English). Xinhua. 1 July 2009. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-07/01/content_11636297.htm.
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